Waa maxay IP address?

 Waa maxay IP address? 

Internet protocol (IP) waa tiro la nidaamshay taas oo si gaara u cadeyneysa network xidhiidhsan, waana maskaxda ama core protocol ugu muhiimsan si xidhiidh loo sameeyo, la'aantiisana aan xidhiidh dhici karin.

Waxaana lagu sameeyo layerka 3aad Network layer marka la jooga OSI ama TCP/IP Model, sidoo kale waa mid la maamuli ama la bedeli karo iyadoo la fiirinaya hadba baahida networka waxaana maamula ama bixiya Network administrator ama Internet Service Provider (ISP)

FG:ISP waa shirkadaha baxsha Internetka sida Hormuud, Telesom, iyo Golis.

IP address waxa uu muujiyaa meesha data-da loo diraya (destination) ama ka timid (source).

IP address waxa uu leeyahay 2 version oo hadda usable ah IPV4 iyo IPV6, IPV4 waa versionkii afraad ee lasoo saaray ahna Kan popular ka ee dunida guud ahaan la isticmaalo inkastoo looga guuri rabo IPV6 ama looga guurayba inkasto si buuxda looga guurin, waa core ama maskaxda protocol marka la jooga oo la isugu xidho networks kala duwan, ama packet la isaga gudbiyo switchyo. 

IPV4 waa 4 decimal byte ama 32 bit loo nidaamshay hab doted decimal sida(192.168.1.0), 32 bit waxaa loo kala qeybshaa laba qeybood qeyb muujinaysa Networka iyo qeyb muujineysa host ama isticmaalayaasha iyadoo loo fiirinayo Classes loo kala qeybiyo 5 Class IPV4 Class A(0.0.0.0-126.255.255.255.255), Class B(128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255), 

Class C(192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255),

Class D(224.0.0.0-239.0.0.0), iyo

Class E (240.0.0.0-255.0.0.0.0), Inkastoo classes la isticmaala 3 yihiin Class A, Class B, iyo Class C,  labada kalena researved yihiin.

Haddaba waxaa jira wax la yiraahdo subnet mask oo kala saara addresska maxaa host iyo maxaa networka intee valid address oo isna u dhigan hab sidaana

Class A (255.0.0.0 ama /8) taas oo udhigan 8 bit ee u horeysaa Network 24 bit ee kale ay yihiin valid host address, 

Class B(255.255.0.0 ama /16) oo iyana la macno ah 16 bit ee u horeeyaa waxay u xiranyahiin Network valid host address 16 bit ee soo hartay,

Class C(255.255.255.0 ama /24) taas oo iyana la macno 24 bit u horaysaa waxay u xirantahay network oo looma isticmaali karo host, valid host address ama inta la isticmaali karaana waa 8 bit ee soo hartay.

Sido kale waxaa jira private addresses loo isticmaalo Local Area Networks-ka (LAN) sida Class A range-kiisa  ama xadigiisa Private kaa yahay (10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255), Class B sidoo kale (172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255),

Class C isna si la mid ah xadigiisu waa (192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255).

Local Area Network waa network lagu isticmaalo hal dhisme sida jaamacad ama shirkad oo kale.

Sido kale waxaa jira IP address (127.0.0.0) oo loo isticmaalo test purpose. 

IPV6 waa version ka cusub ee bedeli raba version 4 waa 128 bit loo dhigay hab Hexadecimal ah (0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/128) waxaa develop gareysay IETF (Internet Engineering Task force) oo ah standard organization ka shaqeeya horumarinta Internet Protocols-ka. 

Waxa jira xeerar lagu dabaqo si loo yareeyo tirada dheer (abbreviations) sida in la tuuro leading zeroes ama tiro eber kelida ah ee isku xigta ee ugu badan weliba loo qaato :: (0da0:0000:Adb0:000a:aac2:0000:0000:0000/64) oo laga dhigo (da0:0:adb0:a:aac2::/64).