Network Standard

Waa Maxay Network Standardization? 

Network Standardization waxay la xidhiidhaa habka loo fuliyo ama loo raaco xeerar la isku waafaqsan yahay sida protocols, guidelines taas oo lagu maamulo system iyo devices say u wada xidhiidhi lahaayeen.

Network standard waxaa loo keenay sababo la xidhiidha iswaafiqida (compatibility), Wadashaqeynta (interoperability), amni (security), and iyo in la raaco xeer (compliance).

Network standard waxay inaga caawisaa ineynu xidhiidh wada sameyno inaga isticmaaleyna Network devices kala duwan oo shirkada kala duwan soo saareen sida Cisco switch anoo isticmaalaya iyo adoo isticmaalaya Juniper switch.

Network standard marka laga hadlaya waxa loo kala qaadaa laba cayn 

de facto (By Fact) standard: standards-kan ma aysan approve gareyn organization balse isticmaalkiisa balaadhan ayaa ka yeelay mid standard ah waxaana loola qabsaday standard ahaan.

de jure (By law) standard: standards-kan waxaa approve gareeyey standard organizations si official ah sida ISO iyo IEEE. Standards-kan waa kuwa loo baahanyahay in la raaco. 

Standard Organization 

Standard organizations waa shirkadaha ka shaqeeya horumarinta standards, approve gareeya standard cusub 

Organization kala duwan ayaa ka shaqeeya masuuliyada kala duwana qaabilsan horumarinta iyo u abuurida standard ee internet iyo TC/IP.

Internet Society (ISOC) waa international organization si guud masuul ka ah horumarinta madaxa banaan iyo qiimaynta isticmaalka internet dunida oo dhan.

Internet Architecture Board (IAB) waa organization si guud u maamula una horumariyo internet standards.

Internet Engineering Tasking Force (IETF) waa organization ka shaqeeya horumarinta, abuurida, ilaalinta iyo update gareynta standard hore u jiray sida documents horumarinta protocols cusub ama update gareynta kuwa hore ee RFC (Request for comment).

Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) wa hay'ad sameysa xog-baadhida (research) wakhtiga dheer ee la xidhiidha internet iyo TCP/IP  waxaana hoostaga hay'ad dhowr ah sida Anti-Spam Research Group (ASRG), Crypto Forum Research Group (CFRG), iyo Peer-to-Peer Research Group (P2PRG).

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) waa hay'ad ka shaqeysa horumrinta iyo taagerida TCP/IP, Waxay qaabilsan isku dubaridka IP address, maamulida domain names ka iyo ka shaqeynta xogaha kale ee lagu isticmaalo TCP/IP.

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) si guud waxay masuul ka tahay maamulida IP address-ka iyo protocol identifiers-ka ka caawisaa ICANN sidaas owgeed IANA waxay ka hoos shaqeysaa ICANN. sidoo kale IANA waxay siisaysa blocks oo Public address ah RIRs (regional Internet registries) sida AfriNIC, APNIC, ARIN, RIPE-NCC, LACNIC.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) waa global organization ka shaqeysa horumrinta halabuurada technologyideeda iyo u dejinta standards industryo kala duwan Power, Energy, Healthcare, telecommunications iyo Network.

Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) waa organisation ku caan ah sameynta standards la xidhiidha xadhkaha iyo connectorska.

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) waa organization masuulka ah horumarinta communication standard meelo kala duwan sida radio equipment, cellular towers, VoIP devices(sidan line xaafada iyo xafiisyada yaala), satellite Communications and iyo kuwa kale.

International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) waa mid kamida  organizations-ka ugu waaweyn uguna qadiimisan ee ka shaqeeya standards. ITU-T waxay ka shaqeysaa u sameynta standards Video compression, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), broadband communications-ka sida Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)